7/08/2007

Curtis的宝藏

"...when the last red man shall have perished, and the memory of my tribe shall become a myth of the white men, these shores will swarm with the invisible dead of my tribe; and when our children's children think they are alone in the field, the store, the shop, upon the highway, or the pathless woods, they will not be alone."
--Chief Seattle

Edward Curtis,一个出生在威斯康星的只有六年文凭的年轻摄影师,在1898年偶遇一队迷途的登山者,因而结识著名人类学者George Bird Grinnell,从此与北美印第安人结下不解之缘,他的人生走上了一条极其不平凡的道路。

在跟随Grinnell走访印第安部落的过程中,Curtis开始意识到印第安文明正在走向衰亡,因此他做出了一个惊人得近乎疯狂的决定——走遍北美洲,把印第安文化完整地记录下来。幸而他得到了西奥多罗斯福总统的支持与大富豪Morgen的捐助,不过他严重低估了他将要开启的这项伟大工程的规模,包括所需要的金钱、时间与精力。Curtis的预算是花费25万美元,用5到6年时间完成这项工作,然而事实上这两个数字是150万和30年。当然,从一个旁观者的角度来说,如果当时他意识到这样的困难,也许今天我们就不会有机会从铅字与银版上辨认出这些失落的文明。

"The passing of every old man or woman means the passing of some tradition, some knowledge of sacred rites possessed by no other; consequently the information that is to be gathered, for the benefit of future generations, respecting the mode of life of one of the great races of mankind, must be collected at once or the opportunity will be lost for all time." 这是Curtis在一百年前的预言。他不幸言中了。

历史总是无情地嘲弄人类的智慧,先知总会因泄露天机而受到神灵的惩罚。在这项工作的后半段时间里,Curtis失去了资助,失去了出版商,失去了家庭,也失去 了健康,支撑他继续踽踽独行的就只是他对印第安文明的深深依恋,他实际上已经从白人世界挣脱而义无反顾地投入了印第安文明的怀抱。当Curtis于一贫如 洗中悄无声息地离开人世的时候,留在身后的只有被掩藏在图书馆阁楼灰尘中的二十卷北美印第安民族志,涉及当时几乎全北美洲各印第安部落文化的所有方面,其中还包括超过2000张珍贵的极高质量的记录照片。

当“文明世界”突然意识到Curtis宝藏的价值时,一切已成往事。马背上印第安武士孤独坚毅的目光已然被轰鸣的发动机和闪烁的霓虹所取代,掠夺性的现代文明是不是也将在不久的未来随曾经的印第安文明一同逝去呢?当我们从古老的伊洛魁族印第安人盟约中发掘出“可持续性”的概念时,却不得不面对这样一个悖论:一个放眼未来的文明必须放慢它的脚步以便于与自然的节奏同步,而这样的文明却注定要在与高速膨胀的狭隘文明的竞争中败下阵来。一个属于全人类的tragedy of the commons,这是人类文明注定的命运吗?
"Out of the Indian approach to life there came a great freedom -- an intense and absorbing love for nature; a respect for life; enriching faith in a Supreme Power; and principles of truth, honesty, generosity, equity, and brotherhood as a guide to mundane relations."
-- Luthor Standing Bear, Oglala Sioux Chief

也许在Curtis的宝藏中,还能找到老酋长留下的希望的种子。

3 comments:

Harrison said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Anonymous said...

Edward S. Curtis, Legendary Photographer, What no Photoshop?

Curtis didn't use a Canon or Nikon SLR, but made his images with a 6 1/2 x 8 1/2 Premo reversible back camera. It had a 22" bellows, and a ground glass back. It took at least 15 minutes to set up a picture, and his fastest shutter speed was 1/100th of a second. He didn't have a "healing" or "cloning" tool, sharpening, curves, or levels... neither Photoshop nor the computer, or the CCD had been invented yet. My God! How did he do it?

For as much criticism as this man has received in the last century, it leads one to think that perhaps he did create a little magic. Perhaps he was on to something in the photographic world.

The beginnings of the modern west certainly resonate in the works of Edward S. Curtis. His photos were made at a time when Indians already driven from their lands were being shorn from their cultures.

This history is very apparent in a new film on Curtis's works, THE INDIAN PICTURE OPERA, (Amazon, DVD). In it, his images are explained in his own words. It's a re-creation of a 1911 E.S. Curtis lecture and slide show.

This film goes way beyond the images in showing how the west was transformed. It was a last grasp at recapturing was he called the "vanishing race". Ironic that Curtis's works were underwritten by J.P. Morgan, who helped bankroll expansion of railroads into America's west.

A journey into the past is always enlightening. Even though photography has been reinvented by digital, it's golden age was a century ago.

Jay River
--

Jay River said...

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqiEx_GtrQM

www.curtisdvd.com